At present and in the future, China will continue to face the complex and ever-changing international environment and arduous task of domestic reform and development, the internal and external environment of the development of manufacturing industry is also different from the important changes in the past.

《中国制造2025》指出，全球制造业格局面临重大调整，国内经济发展环境发生重大变化，我国制造业发展必须紧紧抓住历史机遇，积极稳妥应对内外部挑战。

"Made in China by 2025," pointed out, the global pattern of manufacturing industry is facing a major adjustment, domestic environment for economic development occurred significant changes, China's manufacturing industry development must firmly seize the historical opportunity, actively respond to internal and external challenges.

制造业面临新的变革

Manufacturing is facing new changes

●新一代信息技术与制造技术融合，将给世界范围内的制造业带来深刻变革。

The integration of the new generation of information technology and manufacturing technology, manufacturing industry will give the world bring profound changes.

科技创新始终是推动人类社会生产生活方式产生深刻变革的重要力量。当前，信息技术、新能源、新材料、生物技术等重要领域和前沿方向的革命性突破和交叉融合，正在引发新一轮产业变革，将对全球制造业产生颠覆性的影响，并改变全球制造业的发展格局。

Scientific and technological innovation has always been an important force to promote the production and life style of human society. At present, information technology, new energy, new materials, biotechnology and other important fields and a forward direction and a revolutionary breakthrough in cross fusion, is causing a new round of industrial revolution, will the global manufacturing industry have a disruptive impact and change the pattern of development of the global manufacturing industry.

特别是新一代信息技术与制造业的深度融合，将促进制造模式、生产组织方式和产业形态的深刻变革，智能化服务化成为制造业发展新趋势。泛在连接和普适计算将无所不在，虚拟化技术、3D打印、工业互联网、大数据等技术将重构制造业技术体系，如3D打印将新材料、数字技术和智能技术植入产品，使产品的功能极大丰富，性能发生质的变化。在互联网、物联网、云计算、大数据等泛在信息的强力支持下，制造商、生产服务商、用户在开放、共用的网络平台上互动，单件小批量定制化生产将逐步取代大批量流水线生产。基于信息物理系统(Cyber-PhysicsSystem，CPS)的智能工厂将成为未来制造的主要形式，重复和一般技能劳动将不断被智能装备和生产方式所替代。

In particular, the new generation of information technology and manufacturing depth integration, will promote the manufacturing model, production organization and industrial patterns of profound change, intelligent service has become a new trend in the development of manufacturing industry. Pan in the connection and general fit calculation will be everywhere, virtualization technology, 3D printing, Internet industry, big data technology will be reconfigurable manufacturing industry technology system, such as 3D printing will new materials, digital technology and intelligent technology to implant the products. The products features greatly enriched and performance quality changes. In the Internet, networking, cloud computing, data and pan under the strong support of the information, manufacturers, production services, user interaction in the open and common network platform, single piece and small batch customized production will gradually replace the mass production line. Based on Information Physics system (Cyber-PhysicsSystem, CPS) intelligent plant will become the main form of future manufacturing, and the general skills will continue to be intelligent equipment and production methods are constantly replaced by.

随着产业价值链重心由生产端向研发设计、营销服务等的转移，产业形态将从生产型制造向服务型制造转变。网络众包、异地协同设计、大规模个性化订制、精准供应链管理等正在构建企业新的竞争优势。全生命周期管理、总集成总承包、互联网金融、电子商务等加速重构产业价值链新体系。

With the focus of the industry value chain from the production side to the R & D design, marketing services, such as the transfer of industry from manufacturing to service-oriented manufacturing to change. Network public package, remote collaborative design, mass customization, precision supply chain management is building a new competitive advantage. Total life cycle management, total integrated contracting, Internet banking, e-commerce and other industries to accelerate the restructuring of the new system of value chain.

新一轮科技革命与产业变革也给我国的制造业发展带来重要机遇。当今，我国在相当一些领域与世界前沿科技的差距都处于历史最小时期，已经有能力并行跟进这一轮科技革命和产业变革，实现制造业的转型升级和创新发展。

A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial revolution also brought important opportunities for the development of manufacturing industry in china. Today, our country in quite a number of gaps in the field and the world of cutting-edge technology in minimum period of history, has the ability to parallel to follow up this round of technological revolution and industrial revolution, realize manufacturing industry transformation and upgrading and innovation development.

全球产业格局正在重构

Global industrial structure is being reconstructed

●全球产业格局重大调整，国际贸易规则正在重构，我国制造业发展面临严峻的外部形势。

] the global industrial structure adjustments and the rules of international trade is being reconstructed, China's manufacturing industry development facing severe external situation.

发达国家高端制造回流与中低收入国家争夺中低端制造转移同时发生，对我国形成“双向挤压”的严峻挑战。一方面，高端制造领域出现向发达国家“逆转移”的态势。制造业重新成为全球经济竞争的制高点，各国纷纷制定以重振制造业为核心的再工业化战略。美国发布《先进制造业伙伴计划》、《制造业创新网络计划》，德国发布《工业4.0》，日本在《2014制造业白皮书》中重点发展机器人产业，英国发布《英国制造2050》等。

Developed countries in the high-end manufacturing reflux and low income countries compete in the low-end manufacturing transfer occurred at the same time, the formation of China's "two-way extrusion" a serious challenge. On the one hand, the high-end manufacturing sector appears to the developed countries reverse transfer trend. Manufacturing industry to become the commanding heights of global economic competition, countries have developed to revitalize the manufacturing industry as the core of the re industrialization strategy. Released in the United States, the advanced manufacturing partnership, the manufacturing innovation network plan, Germany issued the "industrial 4.0", Japan in the 2014 manufacturing industry white paper "on development of the robotics industry UK release" made in Britain by 2050 ".

目前，制造业向发达国家的回流已经开始。如，苹果电脑已在美国本土设厂生产，日本制造企业松下将把立式洗衣机和微波炉生产从中国转移到日本国内，夏普计划在本土生产更多机型的液晶电视和冰箱，TDK也将把部分电子零部件的生产从中国转移至日本秋田等地。同时，越南、印度等一些东南亚国家依靠资源、劳动力等比较优势，也开始在中低端制造业上发力，以更低的成本承接劳动密集型制造业的转移。一些跨国资本直接到新兴国家投资设厂，有的则考虑将中国工厂迁至其他新兴国家。如：微软计划关停诺基亚东莞工厂，部分设备转移到越南河内;耐克、优衣库、三星、船井电机、富士康等知名企业纷纷在东南亚和印度开设新厂。总的来看，我国制造业正面临着发达国家“高端回流”和发展中国家“中低端分流”的双向挤压。

At present, the manufacturing industry has begun to return to the developed countries. Such as apple has in the United States set factory production and manufacturing companies in Japan Panasonic will vertical washing machine and microwave oven production from China to transfer to Japan, sharp plans in the local production more models of LCD TV and fridge, TDK will also take part of the electronic components production from China to Japan Akita. At the same time, Vietnam, India and other Southeast Asian countries rely on resources, labor and other comparative advantage, but also began to force in the low-end manufacturing, with lower cost to undertake the transfer of labor-intensive manufacturing. Some multinational capital directly to the emerging countries to invest in factories, and some consider the Chinese factories will be moved to other emerging countries. Such as: Microsoft plans to shut down Nokia factory in Dongguan, part of the equipment transferred to Hanoi, Vietnam; Nike, UNIQLO, Samsung, funai, Foxconn and other well-known enterprises have in Southeast Asia and India opened new plants. Overall, China's manufacturing industry is facing developing countries and developed countries "high return" in the low-end triage "two-way squeeze.

此外，国际贸易保护主义强化与全球贸易规则重构相交织，我国也将面临国际贸易环境变化的新挑战。一是国际贸易保护主义进一步强化。

In addition, the strengthening of international trade protectionism and Global trade rules are intertwined, China will also face new challenges in the international trade environment changes. First, the further strengthening of international trade protectionism.

近年来，我国成为遭受贸易救济调查最严重国家，2014年上半年的涉案金额52.9亿美元，比上年同期增长136%。可以预见，未来我国与发达国家和发展中国家的经济贸易摩擦将更为激烈，对我国制成品出口将造成不利影响。二是全球贸易规则也处于重构过程。美国极力推动打造跨太平洋全球最大自由贸易区(TPP)，在服务贸易、知识产权、劳工和环境保护等方面的高门槛，将进一步削弱我国工业出口产品的成本优势，也将影响我国工业实施的“走出去”战略。

In recent years, China has become the most serious state of the trade remedy investigation, involving $5 billion 290 million in the first half of 2014, an increase of 136% over the same period last year. It can be predicted that the future economic and trade frictions between China and developed countries and developing countries will be more intense, and the export of manufactured goods will be adversely affected. Two is the global trade rules are also in the process of restructuring. The United States strongly promote to build the trans Pacific is the world's largest free trade area (TPP), in terms of trade in services, intellectual property, labor and environmental protection of the high threshold will further weaken the cost advantage of China's industrial export products, will also affect the our country industry to implement the strategy of "going out".

此外，美国推动的跨大西洋贸易与投资伙

In addition, the United States to promote the trans the Atlantic trade and Investment Group